Top 10 Extinct Species in India: Lost Wildlife Animals of India

Top 10 Extinct Species in India: India, nestled in the heart of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia, stands out as one of the most biodiverse countries worldwide, despite its colossal human population. Its landscapes teem with iconic creatures like tigers, chital (a type of deer), elephants, Ganges river dolphins, and numerous domestic cattle. However, amid this rich biodiversity, lies a somber reality – the existence of extinct species in India.

Today, we'll delve into the annals of history to uncover the top 10 species that have vanished from India with pictures, some lost to the mists of time. Moreover, amidst the current (2024) ecological crisis, several Critically Endangered species in India teeter on the brink of extinction, with populations perilously low. Join us as we shine a light on ten species that have tragically vanished from the Indian wilderness.

List of 10 India's Lost Wildlife Species

Here's a list of extinct species in India in 2024

- Indian Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus)
- Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea)
- Sumatran Rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis)
- Indian River Terrapin (Batagur baska)
- Forest Spotted Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti)
- Himalayan Quail (Ophrysia superciliosa)
- Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus)
- Indian Aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)
- Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)
- Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus)

1. Indian Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus)

The Indian Cheetah, scientifically known as Acinonyx jubatus venaticus, was once a majestic inhabitant of the Indian subcontinent, embodying grace and speed in its every stride. With its distinctive spotted coat and remarkable agility, the Indian Cheetah roamed the vast plains and grasslands of India, leaving an indelible mark on the country's ecological landscape.

However, tragically, the Indian Cheetah is now considered extinct, with the last confirmed sighting dating back to the early 1950s. Once a symbol of power and prowess, this magnificent creature fell victim to a combination of factors, including habitat loss, human encroachment, and relentless hunting.

The decline of the Indian Cheetah can be traced back to colonial times when it faced relentless persecution by hunters seeking trophies and pelts. As the British Raj expanded its control over India, the cheetah's natural habitat dwindled, further exacerbating its vulnerability.

Efforts to conserve the Indian Cheetah were minimal and largely unsuccessful, as the species faced an uphill battle against human-induced pressures. Encroachment into its habitats for agricultural expansion and urban development further restricted the cheetah's range, pushing it to the brink of extinction.

Despite occasional reports of unconfirmed sightings in the wild, no concrete evidence of the Indian Cheetah's survival has surfaced in recent decades. Conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts mourn the loss of this iconic species, recognizing the profound impact of its disappearance on India's biodiversity.

The extinction of the Indian Cheetah serves as a poignant reminder of the urgent need for effective conservation measures to protect endangered species. It underscores the importance of preserving habitats and implementing stringent regulations to prevent further loss of biodiversity.

As we reflect on the legacy of the Indian Cheetah, we are reminded of the fragility of life and the consequences of our actions on the natural world. Its extinction serves as a solemn call to action, urging us to redouble our efforts in safeguarding the precious biodiversity that remains, ensuring that future generations inherit a world teeming with life and wonder.

2. Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea)

Let's delve into the captivating story of the Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea), a species that once graced the wetlands of India but now exists only in memory.

The Pink-headed Duck, as its name suggests, boasted a stunning pink-coloured head, setting it apart as one of the most visually striking waterfowl in India. Historically, it inhabited the marshes, swamps, and water bodies across the Indian subcontinent, particularly in regions like Assam, Bihar, and Bengal. Its last documented sighting dates back to the mid-20th century (around 1949), with the bird's enigmatic disappearance leaving behind a void in the natural landscape.

Despite being a somewhat elusive species, the Pink-headed Duck holds a significant place in Indian ornithological history. Early records and accounts from naturalists and explorers of the colonial era provide valuable insights into its behaviour, habitat preferences, and interactions within the ecosystem. However, as human activities intensified and wetland habitats underwent extensive degradation and conversion for agricultural and developmental purposes, the Pink-headed Duck faced insurmountable challenges. Loss of habitat, coupled with hunting pressures and possibly competition with introduced species, eventually sealed the fate of this magnificent bird.

The extinction of the Pink-headed Duck serves as a poignant reminder of the irreversible consequences of human actions on the natural world. Its demise highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts aimed at preserving fragile ecosystems and safeguarding endangered species from a similar fate. While conservationists hold onto hope for potential rediscovery or reintroduction efforts, the Pink-headed Duck stands as a symbol of the delicate balance between human progress and the preservation of biodiversity.

As we reflect on the tragic loss of the Pink-headed Duck, let it serve as a call to action—a call to prioritize conservation initiatives, protect vital habitats, and nurture a deeper connection with the natural world. Though the Pink-headed Duck may no longer grace our wetlands, its memory lives on, inspiring us to strive for a future where such losses are but relics of the past, and where every species, no matter how rare or elusive, is given the chance to thrive.

3. Sumatran Rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis)

The Sumatran Rhino, a magnificent creature that once roamed the lush forests of India, is now sadly extinct. This unique species, scientifically known as Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis, last graced the Indian wilderness many decades ago. With its distinctive appearance marked by two prominent horns and shaggy hair, the Sumatran Rhino held a special place in India's ecological tapestry.

History recalls encounters with these gentle giants dating back centuries, as they peacefully traversed dense forests and marshy terrains. However, over time, human activities such as deforestation, habitat degradation, and hunting gradually eroded their once-thriving populations. As their habitats dwindled, and poaching intensified, the Sumatran Rhino faced insurmountable challenges that ultimately sealed its fate.

The last documented sightings of the Sumatran Rhino in India date back to 2010(last poached), marking a poignant end to its presence in the country. Despite conservation efforts, including attempts to protect their remaining habitats and combat poaching, the species could not withstand the relentless onslaught of human-induced threats.

Today, the Sumatran Rhino stands as a poignant reminder of the fragility of our natural world and the irreversible consequences of our actions. Its extinction serves as a sobering wake-up call, urging us to reflect on the impact of our choices and redouble our efforts to protect the precious biodiversity that still graces our planet. Though the Sumatran Rhino may have vanished from India's forests, its legacy lives on, inspiring us to strive for a future where such losses are prevented, and nature's wonders flourish for generations to come.

4. Indian River Terrapin (Batagur baska)

Let's talk about the Indian River Terrapin, a fascinating creature that once roamed the waterways of India but is sadly no longer with us. Last seen in the wild several decades ago, the Indian River Terrapin, scientifically known as Batagur baska, was a unique species of freshwater turtle native to the rivers and estuaries of the Indian subcontinent.

These terrapins played a vital role in their ecosystems, helping to maintain the balance of aquatic life by feeding on small fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic creatures. However, due to factors like habitat destruction, pollution, and overexploitation of their meat and shells, the population of Indian River Terrapins rapidly declined.

Despite efforts to protect and conserve their habitat, including establishing protected areas and breeding programs, the Indian River Terrapin could not withstand the pressures of human activity. Tragically, they were declared extinct in the wild, with the last recorded sightings dating back several decades.

The loss of the Indian River Terrapin serves as a stark reminder of the impact of human actions on our planet's delicate ecosystems. It underscores the importance of conservation efforts and the need to prioritize the protection of vulnerable species before it's too late. Though the Indian River Terrapin may no longer grace the waters of India, its legacy lives on as a symbol of the urgent need for environmental stewardship and conservation.

5. Forest Spotted Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti)

The Forest Spotted Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti), once a mystical inhabitant of India's dense forests, has sadly vanished from the wilderness. This enigmatic bird, with its distinctive spotted plumage and haunting call, graced the treetops until its disappearance, leaving behind a void in the ecosystem. Last seen over a century ago, around the late 19th to early 20th century, its sudden absence sparked concern among conservationists.

The history of the Forest Spotted Owlet is shrouded in mystery, with limited records and sightings. Once considered a rare but revered presence in Indian forests, its decline went unnoticed until it was too late. Factors contributing to its demise likely include habitat loss due to deforestation and human encroachment, coupled with a decline in its prey base.

Despite efforts to locate and conserve this elusive species, the Forest Spotted Owlet remains elusive, with no confirmed sightings in recent times. Its extinction serves as a poignant reminder of the fragility of our natural world and the urgent need for conservation measures to protect vulnerable species.

While the Forest Spotted Owlet may no longer grace the forests with its presence, its legacy lives on in the memories of those who were fortunate enough to witness its beauty. Its story serves as a cautionary tale, urging us to cherish and protect the remaining treasures of our natural heritage before they too fade into oblivion.

6. Himalayan Quail (Ophrysia superciliosa)

The Himalayan Quail, also known as Ophrysia superciliosa, once roamed the breathtaking Himalayan region of India. This charming bird, with its distinctive plumage and graceful demeanour, was a sight to behold in the dense forests and alpine meadows. However, tragically, the last confirmed sighting of the Himalayan Quail dates back to the late 19th century, with no verified sightings since then.

This enigmatic bird faced numerous threats to its survival, including habitat loss due to deforestation and human encroachment, as well as hunting for sport and food. As a result, the once-vibrant population of Himalayan Quails dwindled rapidly, eventually leading to their extinction.

Despite extensive efforts to locate and conserve this elusive species, the Himalayan Quail remains a poignant symbol of the delicate balance between humans and wildlife. Its disappearance serves as a stark reminder of the irreversible consequences of habitat destruction and unchecked exploitation of natural resources.

The story of the Himalayan Quail serves as a cautionary tale, highlighting the urgent need for proactive conservation measures to protect endangered species and preserve the rich biodiversity of our planet. Though the Himalayan Quail may no longer grace the Himalayan skies, its legacy lives on in the collective memory of those who cherish and advocate for the protection of our natural world.

7. Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus)

Let's talk about the Himalayan Brown Bear, a majestic creature that once roamed the rugged landscapes of the Himalayas. This magnificent bear, scientifically known as Ursus arctos isabellinus, inhabited the high-altitude regions of the Indian subcontinent. With its thick fur and robust build, it was well adapted to survive in the harsh mountain environment.

Sadly, the last confirmed sighting of the Himalayan Brown Bear dates back to the early 20th century, marking a tragic end to its existence in the wild. Despite efforts to locate and conserve this species, it is believed to have been driven to extinction due to various factors such as habitat loss, human encroachment, and hunting.

The history of the Himalayan Brown Bear is intertwined with the cultural heritage of the Himalayan region, where it was once revered as a symbol of strength and resilience. However, with the passage of time and the pressures of modernization, its habitat gradually diminished, pushing it towards the brink of extinction.

Today, the Himalayan Brown Bear remains only in memories and historical records, serving as a poignant reminder of the consequences of human actions on the natural world. While it may no longer roam the mountainsides, its legacy lives on, urging us to reflect on the importance of conservation and preserving the biodiversity of our planet for future generations.

8. Indian Aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)

Let's journey back in time to explore the fascinating tale of the Indian Aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus), a majestic creature that once roamed the Indian subcontinent. The Indian Aurochs, a subspecies of the mighty Aurochs, inhabited the lush forests and grasslands of ancient India. These magnificent beasts, towering and robust, played a significant role in the ecosystem, shaping the landscape with their presence.

History remembers the Indian Aurochs as a symbol of strength and resilience, revered by indigenous cultures and immortalized in ancient folklore. Their imposing stature and formidable horns painted a picture of power and grandeur.

However, as centuries passed and human civilization expanded, the Indian Aurochs faced mounting pressures. Habitat loss, driven by deforestation and agricultural expansion, encroached upon their territories. Rampant hunting for meat hides, and trophies further decimated their dwindling populations.

Tragically, the Indian Aurochs met its demise, with the last known sighting recorded in the late 1940s. The annals of history now hold the memory of this noble creature, a testament to the delicate balance between humanity and nature.

As we reflect on the fate of the Indian Aurochs, let us heed the lessons it imparts. Its extinction serves as a poignant reminder of the profound impact human actions can have on the natural world. May the legacy of the Indian Aurochs inspire us to cherish and protect the precious biodiversity that still graces our planet.

9. Bengal Florican

The Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), also known as the Bengal bustard, is a critically endangered bird species native to the Indian subcontinent, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Here's a summary of key points:

History: Once widespread across the Indian subcontinent, the Bengal florican has suffered a drastic decline in population due to habitat loss, conversion of grasslands for agriculture, and hunting pressure.

Range: Historically, the Bengal florican was found in India's Terai area, as well as in parts of Cambodia, Nepal, and Vietnam.

Current Population: As of recent estimates, fewer than 100 individuals remain in Nepal, while no recent total population estimates are known from India. However, more than 100 male Bengal floricans were recorded in the country.

Last Seen: The last sightings of the Bengal florican in India have been sporadic, with conservation efforts ongoing to monitor and protect the remaining population. Dudhwa National Park in India has been one of the areas where these birds have been spotted in recent times, highlighting the importance of protected areas for their conservation.

10. The Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus)

The Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus) was once a prominent scavenger bird in India, playing a vital role in ecosystem balance. However, due to the usage of diclofenac, a veterinary drug toxic to vultures, their population drastically declined. Here are key points regarding the Indian Vulture:

History: Indian Vultures faced a catastrophic decline in the 1990s, with a population decline of over 99% in some areas, primarily due to diclofenac poisoning.

Founded Area: Indian Vultures were widespread across the Indian subcontinent, inhabiting various regions from rural to urban areas.

Number of Current Living Vultures in India: As of the latest assessments, the Indian Vulture population remains critically low, with only a few individuals surviving in isolated pockets. Efforts such as captive breeding and conservation programs aim to reintroduce vultures into their natural habitats.

Last Seen: Despite conservation efforts, wild sightings of Indian Vultures are rare, with only occasional reports from remote regions where some individuals still persist. The last confirmed sightings were reported several years ago, highlighting the urgency of conservation actions.

image Source: Unsplash, Wikipedia